Demolishing all or part of a protected structure requires planning permission, and applications are assessed against a strong presumption in favour of retention. Full demolition is rarely granted and is generally only considered where the structure is beyond viable repair and other options have genuinely been exhausted.
Demolition, whether total or partial, is development that requires planning permission when it involves a protected structure, and it is never exempted development regardless of the scale of works. This applies to the principal building and, generally, to structures within its curtilage such as outbuildings, walls or gate lodges that fall within the protection. Planning authorities approach demolition applications for protected structures with a strong policy presumption in favour of retention and reuse, reflecting the aim of the legislation to conserve the architectural heritage.
In practice, obtaining permission for demolition of a protected structure, especially in full, is difficult and relatively uncommon. Applicants are usually expected to demonstrate that the structure is beyond economic or structural repair through detailed engineering and conservation reports, that adaptive reuse and repair options have been genuinely explored and are not viable, and that the public interest in retaining the structure is outweighed by other considerations. Partial demolition, such as removing a poor-quality later extension while retaining the historic core, is more commonly permitted than full demolition.
Where a structure has been allowed to fall into serious disrepair, local authorities also have powers to serve notices requiring an owner to carry out repairs to prevent further deterioration or collapse, and deliberate neglect intended to justify a later demolition application is generally treated unfavourably. Anyone considering significant works to a protected structure that might be interpreted as demolition should seek professional and conservation officer advice at the earliest stage.