There is no legal obligation to use an architect, but building control law requires a competent designer and, on most projects, an assigned certifier who must be a registered architect, chartered engineer or building surveyor unless you opt out as a self-builder.
Anyone can prepare a planning application, but the statutory roles under the Building Control (Amendment) Regulations are restricted. The design certifier and assigned certifier must be on one of the statutory registers, which in practice means an architect, chartered engineer or building surveyor.
The term architect is itself protected in Ireland, so a person can only describe themselves as an architect if registered.